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Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is reduced in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, where over 400 species are known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently categorized, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are extremely abundant in certain regions.
Due to their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cool or cold habitats.36 There are three environmental forms of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous woods, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites live in widely diverse areas.34 One species in the drywood group is the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which is an invasive species in Australia.37.
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Termites are usually small, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59Â in) in length.34 The largest of all extant termites are the queens of the species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring up to over 10 centimetres (4Â in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, thrived in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0Â in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98Â in).39note 1. )
Most worker and soldier termites are completely blind because they do not own a pair of eyes. However, some species, such as Hodotermes mossambicus, have compound eyes which they utilize for orientation and also to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.
Termite antennae have a number of functions such as the sensing of taste, touch, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three primary segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (usually shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain best site a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles.
Consistent with insects, the anatomy of the termite thorax consists of 3 segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a pair of legs. On alates, the wings are located at the mesothorax and metathorax. Even the mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .
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Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen using 2 plates, the tergites and also the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a pair of short cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are broad and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are much like those in cockroaches but are somewhat more simplified. By way of example, the intromittent organ is not present in male alates, and the sperm is immotile or aflagellate.
The non-reproductive castes go to my site of termites are wingless and rely solely on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only to get a brief amount of time, and therefore that they also rely on their legs. The appearance of the legs is similar in each and every caste, but the soldiers have bigger and thicker legs.
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The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg fluctuates. Some species of termite have an arolium, found between the claws, which is present in species that climb on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.
Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equivalent length.2 Most of the time, the alates are poor flyers; their technique is to launch themselves in the atmosphere and fly in a random direction. Studies show that in comparison to larger termites, smaller termites cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain in a ideal angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to the body.51.
Worker termites undertake the maximum labor within the colony, being responsible for foraging, view it food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Workers are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in meals and are thus the most likely caste to be found in infested timber. The process of worker termites feeding different nestmates is popularly known as trophallaxis.
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Some termite species do not own a true worker caste, instead relying on nymphs that perform the same job without differentiating as a distinct caste.53.